Instantly look up any file extension to discover what it is, which software opens it, which operating systems support it, and what alternative formats exist. From everyday .pdf and .jpg to rare scientific and engineering formats — every answer is one search away.
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A file extension is the short group of letters after the final dot in a filename. When you see invoice.pdf the extension is .pdf. When you see photo.jpeg the extension is .jpeg. These suffixes look minor but carry critical information your computer depends on every single day.
Your operating system reads the extension the moment you double-click a file and uses it to decide which application should open it. Without extensions, Windows, macOS, and Linux would have no reliable way to distinguish a spreadsheet from a song, or a video from a log file.
File extensions also communicate the encoding format of the data inside. A .png image is compressed differently from a .bmp image even though both contain pixel data. A .mp3 audio file uses lossy compression while .flac is lossless — the extension tells you which trade-off was made when the file was saved.
Understanding extensions helps you troubleshoot compatibility problems, choose the right format before saving, and avoid accidentally corrupting a file by renaming it with the wrong suffix. This directory gives you accurate, sourced information about every extension so you can make informed decisions.
Browse All ExtensionsEvery file type belongs to a category. Select one below to explore all extensions in that group, complete with descriptions, compatible software, and conversion options.